COVID-19, formerly coronavirus infection 2019-nCoV is a potentially severe acute respiratory infection caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). It is a dangerous disease that can occur both in the form of acute respiratory viral infection of mild course and in severe form. The virus is spread by airborne droplets through inhalation of droplets sprayed in the air when coughing, sneezing or talking with the virus, as well as through contact with the virus on the surface, followed by entry into the eyes, nose or mouth. Among the effective measures to combat this dangerous disease is timely and rapid diagnosis. One of the effective means of diagnostic methods is immunochromatographic (IHA) tests, which can be used locally in laboratory and field conditions to diagnose COVID-19 [1-7]. This paper presents the results of a study to determine the sensitivity of IHA tests of different firms. It has been experimentally established that these methods can be effectively used for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in medical institutions.

African swine fever (ASF) is a viral hemorrhagic disease with extremely high mortality among domestic pigs and wild boars. According to OIE data for the last 5 years, the disease has spread over a vast area. The number of countries and territories affected by ASF has increased in recent years, with notifications received from sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and Asia, and the territory of the Russian Federation. The main factors that increase the risk of disease spread are livestock management systems with inappropriate biosafety measures and human behavior. Many countries struggle to effectively implement livestock disease control measures due to deficiencies in veterinary services. In many cases, this is due to a lack of long-term investment, inappropriate consideration of the perspectives of different stakeholders, and policies based on inadequate crisis management strategies that do not effectively implement, coordinate and sustain the necessary interventions and resources. The impossibility and inability to adapt to different epizootic situations increases the importance of scientific research, methodological developments that will help to better control ASF or open new approaches to solving problems in long-standing enzootic foci. This article focuses on current knowledge and advances in ASF virology, clinical manifestations of infection with modern strains, epidemiology, diagnosis and control.

In this research work, the content of vitamin C and iodine in the fruits of the Zyzyphus jujuba Mill new selection variety “Candy” was studied. It was found that this fruit is rich in bioactive substances that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial and other activities. This fruit is a source of carotenoids, flavonoids and other bioactive compounds that are promising for use in the food and medical industries. The fruit is also rich in macro- and microelements, such as vitamin C and iodine.

Based on the analysis of existing methods for determining biologically active substances, easy-to-use methods were selected: titrimetric, optical and chromatographic.

The results of studies on determining the content of vitamin C and iodine in the fruits of Zyzyphus jujuba Mill selection variety “Candy” can be used in the development of prescription compositions of sweet canned products for functional nutrition.

Ixodid ticks and associated tick-borne pathogens are of great importance from both veterinary and public health perspectives. Many ixodid ticks circulate in a wide geographical area of Kyrgyzstan. However, limited reports on tick-borne pathogens and the absence of reports on ticks around the border region with neighboring countries highlight the need for their study. A review of the available literature, including some historical data, was conducted to collect information on all reported tick species and associated zoonotic pathogens in Kyrgyzstan. Diverse natural complexes are habitats for many animals - potential hosts for blood-sucking insects - ticks. Ticks are the main carriers of viruses and bacteria that threaten the health of animals and humans. The diversity of the animal world and the landscape and climatic conditions of the country create the basis for the existence of natural foci of various pathogens associated with ticks.

Chlamydia-like microorganism Waddlia chondrophila (C. Chondrophila) is a new pathogen that causes miscarriages and abortions in humans and cattle. This bacterium is considered as a potential zoonotic agent. The main reservoirs and carriers of C. chondrophila are ixodic ticks, and determining their role remains the most difficult and interesting question to be solved in future studies.

The purpose of this study was to identify chlamydia in ixodic ticks collected from cattle by molecular methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to confirm the presence of the pathogen in tick samples collected from domestic animals.

The analysis of nucleotide sequences showed that the DNA of the bacterium W. chondrophila was detected in the ticks Dermacentor marginatus, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma marginatum, Ixodes persulcatus, Hyalomma anatolicum. Among 156 tick samples collected from North Kazakhstan, West Kazakhstan, Zhambyl and Turkestan regions, 7% were positive for chlamydia-like microorganism W. chondrophila.

The presence of DNA of the chlamydia-like W. chondrophila microorganism in ixodic ticks suggests that additional research is needed to study the potential role of ticks as carriers of these zoonotic bacteria.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a widely used tool for the detection, identification and differentiation of pathogenic microorganisms in the diagnosis of human and animal diseases. Frequent outbreaks of Salmonella associated with food require the development of rapid detection methods to control the spread of the disease. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) can detect the presence of pathogen DNA. Detection of Salmonella in RT-PCR was carried out using the developed primers SInv-1F, SInv-1R and the SE-Probe probe. Positive results were obtained when testing the specificity of the RT-PCR test system for the detection of S. enterica using DNA from the bacteria S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Virchow as templates. The developed RT-PCR test system for the detection of S. enterica DNA was tested on the DNA of heterologous microorganisms of the genera Pasterella, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Mycoplasma, Candida and Aspergillu. Heterologous microorganisms showed a negative result when testing the developed RT-PCR. The RT-PCR test system allows you to detect S. enterica DNA within 1-10 microbial cells. The developed RT-PCR test system made it possible to identify 99 (9.7%) S. enterica isolates as a result of examining 1020 biological samples (883 food samples and 137 clinical samples) collected in 2018-2019. The diagnostic efficiency of the S. enterica RT PCR test system was 100%.