The last outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the Republic of Kazakhstan was detected in the East Kazakhstan region in 2013. As part of the approved FMD control strategy, the country's territory is divided into 2 free FMD zones (with and without vaccination).
Specialists of the International Epizootic Bureau were invited to the republic, and the vaccines used were analyzed. And we must admit that this work has yielded certain results. Nine regions have been granted FMD-free status without vaccination. However, for the first time in many years, in January 2022, an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, a dangerous viral disease that can be transmitted to humans, was detected in the Karaganda region. Which crossed out almost all the work done on the way to well-being and zeroed out the chances for the development of export animal husbandry.
Foot–and-mouth disease is a cross-border disease, the source of which is domestic and wild ungulates. This disease is caused by a virus of the genus Aphthovirus of the Picornaviridae family, which affects artiodactyls, both wild and domestic. Transmission of FMD virus from sick animals to other susceptible animals can occur directly or indirectly. Treatment and control of foot-andmouth disease among livestock or animals can be carried out through isolation and quarantine of sick animals, vaccination programs, biosafety measures in animal husbandry, monitoring of livestock movement and surveillance.

Testing of biological products for sterility, harmlessness and determination of the concentration of hydrogen ions is mandatory in the pharmaceutical industry and is regulated by pharmacopoeias. Pharmaceuticals intended for intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular administration, as well as some other solutions, are available marked "sterile", therefore they must be checked at production. The ingress of microflora into sterile preparations can cause an inflammatory process or a septic condition, therefore the manufacturer is fully responsible for the sterility and harmlessness of solutions and carries out constant monitoring in production conditions. This article presents the results of tests conducted to verify sterility, harmlessness and determination of the concentration of hydrogen ions of series of the biological product "Liquid live vaccine against anthrax from the strain " 55-VNIIVVIM " for cattle and small ruminant." The vaccine was monitored in strict accordance with the approved regulatory documentation. When checking the vaccine, the following data were obtained: no growth of extraneous bacterial and fungal microflora was observed on nutrient media such as meat-peptone broth, meat-peptone agar, Saburo and KittaTarozzi media. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, it was established that the live anthrax vaccine from strain “55-VNIIVVIM” is sterile. At subcutaneous application of the vaccine, the tested preparation within 10 days after administration had no toxic effect on the body of rabbits, did not cause visible local and general manifestations, which proves the harmlessness of the preparation. The vaccine series showed non-significant pH differences of 0.1-0.3.

Modern medicine and the biopharmaceutical industry have achieved significant progress in the effective use of animal blood and its components. However, in our country, the dynamic development of the region requires greater attention from governmental bodies and sectoral organizations. The use of blood products derived from domestic animals, such as sheep and horses, presents broad opportunities for the production of microbiological culture media, as well as the development of medicinal products and immunobiological agents. Animal blood is utilized in the preparation of blood and serum agars, which contributes to improving the quality of diagnostics in clinical diagnostic laboratories. International regulatory acts, including the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNESCO declarations, restrict the commercial use of human blood, thus reinforcing the relevance of transitioning to animal-based sources. In Kazakhstan, the absence of stable domestic production of animal blood for laboratory purposes has led to the use of expired or human blood, posing infection risks and reducing diagnostic accuracy. The article highlights successful domestic developments, including the production of agar media and antitoxic preparations from horse and sheep blood by companies such as “EcoPharm International” and “Daryn-2030.” This review aims to identify the prospects, challenges, and innovative solutions related to the use of animal blood products, and emphasizes the need for governmental support and regulatory oversight of this sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Based on the results of an epizootological survey of the area and microbiological studies of pathological material from saigas brought from the West Kazakhstan region during the epizootics of 2010 and 2011, the cause of the mass death of saigas was established. Gram-positive bacteria with spores, located predominantly subterminally, were found in fingerprint smears from the internal organs of a fallen saiga. Bacteriological nutrient media show the growth of bacterial colonies in the form of intense turbidity (MPA), uniform turbidity (Kitt-Tarozzi) with abundant gas formation, colonies of small, round, smooth, colorless (blood agar). Microscopic examination of colonies on Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed gram-positive, thick, short bacteria. White mice infected with the bacterial culture died after 16-18 hours with signs of plethora and edema. Gram-positive bacteria with rounded ends were found in fingerprint smears from the internal organs of dead mice.
Based on the research, it is argued that the saiga died from anaerobic clostridiosis. The species identity of the isolated bacteria (Clostridium histolyticum and Clostridium perfringens) was determined based on the results of studying the biochemical, molecular and genetic properties of the cultures.

This article examines polyphenolic compounds, their structure and biological activity, as well as modern methods for analyzing polyphenols in the fruits of a new cultivated variety of jujube Zyzyphus jujuba Mill called “Konfetny” (“Candy”). Polyphenols possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making them promising for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The article reviews analytical techniques such as spectrophotometry, chromatography, and electrochemical methods used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenols. The presented findings highlight the importance of these compounds for human health and their potential in the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical products.

West Nile fever is a natural focal vector–borne viral infection characterized by fever intoxication syndrome and frequent damage to the central nervous system. The disease was so named because the main manifestation was "feverishness" and it was first discovered in the West Nile district. This article describes the epizootological and epidemiological aspects of West Nile Fever in Kazakhstan and across Europe. It is considered one of the arbovirus infections, which belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae. The carriers of the West Nile Fever pathogen are mosquitoes of the genus Culex and some bird species like crows. Mosquitoes bite and infect healthy birds, animals and humans. People can get infected from animals. Complications of this disease can lead to meningitis in humans, muscle paralysis, and even death in animals and birds.
Currently, licensed vaccines against HPV disease do not exist for humans, there are effective vaccines for horses. In order to prevent infection during outdoor recreation around lakes, rivers and other places, it is necessary to use mosquito repellent creams or wear protective clothing.