The purpose of epidemiological surveillance in case of plague is to assess the epizootic state of natural foci to determine the risk of people plague infection and warning the anthroponotic spread of infection. Tracking of epizootic manifestations of the plague is carried at during epizootic examination, which is carried out in sufficient volume in Kazakhstan, despite more than 20 years of epidemiological well-being. This allows you to keep the readiness of healthcare in case of complications from the plague, both natural and intentional characters, which is the main goal in ensuring the biological safety of the state. According to the results of epidemiological monitoring, data on the patterns of natural focality of the plague are being replenished. Except to natural factors of epidemic potential - the state of populations of plague carriers and vectors, social factors are important, among which the decreed contingent of the population, which has an increased risk of infection due bu type of activity, and numerous other indicators. In the presented work, special attention is paid to the role of camels in the epidemiology of plague. The new data obtained on these animals, on the comparative genetic characteristics of the strains of the plague microbe isolated in different years, by security of the anti-plague service with regulations, allow us to improve the indicators and standards of epidemiological surveillance of the plague to increase the effectiveness of preventive measures in the Republic of Kazakhstan

This article highlights the results of epizootological monitoring of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis and preventive measures for this infection. The study showed that Bovine IRT disease has spread all over the world, apart from some European states, namely Norway, Sweden, Finland, Lithuania, Moldova, Bulgaria, Greece, Slovakia, Italy, Romania and the Czech Republic. It is a persistent outbreak in tropical states of the African continent, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, and parts of South America. Live and inactivated mono- and associated vaccines are widely used worldwide for the prevention of Bovine IRT, and labelled vaccines are used in European countries to distinguish between diseased and vaccinated animals. In the Russian Federation, the live vaccine ‘TK-A’ (RES) is used for the prevention of cattle IRT, parainfluenza-3, viral diarrhoea, associated vaccine ‘TRIVAK’ (RES), against parainfluenza-3, IRT, associated (VNIIZZh) vaccine, against cattle IRT, viral diarrhoea, respiratory syncytial infection of calves, rotavirus and coronavirus diseases combined inactivated vaccine ‘KOMBOVAK’ (CJSC NPO ‘Narvak’) with its modification and other vaccines are used. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, at present, Cattle IRT disease occurs in cattle herds in Akmola, Almaty, Atyrau, Aktobe, VKO Karaganda, Kostanay, Pavlodar, SKO, WKO and Kyzylorda oblasts. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, TRIVAK vaccine produced by Stavropol biofactory is currently used for prevention of cattle IRI disease against the causative agents of cattle IRI, viral diarrhoea and parainfluenza - 3, as well as vaccines Bovilis - IBR (Holland), Catlmaster Gold FP5 C5 (USA).

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a contagious, acute disease of cattle that is reported in many countries around the world. BVD is caused by pestiviruses Pestivirus A and Pestivirus B belonging to the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae. The disease causes significant economic damage to livestock breeding, leading to reproductive dysfunction (reduced reproductive capacity, delayed births, early embryonic death, abortion, congenital anomalies) and decreased productivity (morbidity, high calf mortality, decreased milk yield). In recent years, outbreaks of BVD have occurred in several regions of Russia and China bordering Kazakhstan, indicating a high risk of introducing the infection into the country. Although Kazakhstan is officially considered free from BVD, there are numerous indications that this infection is present in many regions of the country, which requires the use of effective control measures in regions at risk for infection. This article provides methods for assessing the epizootological situation and forecasting outbreaks, as well as recommendations for carrying out veterinary measures and monitoring BVD in Kazakhstan, based on the results of a monitoring study of the epizootological situation and an analysis of the risks of the spread of BVD in Kazakhstan in 2021-2023

This review article presents information on the epidemiology of orthopoxvirus infections worldwide, their causative agents according to the classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses of the genus Orthopoxvirus, the strains used in the development and production of vaccines, the generations of vaccines that have been developed, as well as the current situation regarding orthopoxvirus infections in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Newcastle disease is a serious infectious disease affecting the internal organs, nervous and respiratory systems. It is caused by paramyxovirus PMV-1 and has a large number of different strains that can cause various forms of the disease. These forms can sometimes "masquerade" as other diseases such as cholera, bronchitis, avian flu or laryngotracheitis. Newcastle disease can only be detected by an accurate diagnosis. Poultry of all ages and breeds are susceptible to the disease, but most often Newcastle disease is diagnosed in domestic chickens. Outbreaks of Newcastle disease are reported worldwide and can cause problems for large poultry farms. Although Newcastle disease does not directly affect humans, a flu-like condition can develop after contact with an infected person. Characteristic signs of Newcastle disease in birds include encephalitis, pneumonia and hemorrhage into internal organs due to their damage.
The last outbreak of Newcastle disease in birds in the Republic of Kazakhstan was detected in the village of Akhmet in the Nurinsky district of the Karaganda region on October 4, 2023. On October 6, the Karaganda Regional Territorial Inspection of the Veterinary Control and Supervision Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture declared quarantine in rural areas.
The study conducted in the Karaganda region of the Republic of Kazakhstan was aimed at studying the outbreak of Newcastle disease in poultry in the village of Akhmet in the Nurinsky district. During the study, veterinary and sanitary measures were carried out, including sampling for laboratory diagnostics, vaccination of livestock and the introduction of quarantine restrictions. The results of the study showed the high effectiveness of the measures taken to localize and eliminate the source of infection. The virus has been identified, which underlines the need for constant monitoring of the epizootic situation. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the expansion of vaccination programs and the strengthening of veterinary control at poultry farms to prevent the further spread of Newcastle disease.
Despite the fact that Newcastle disease has been known to veterinarians for several years, no treatment method has yet been developed. However, the control of Newcastle disease in poultry can be achieved through isolation and quarantine of infected animals, vaccination programs, biosafety measures at livestock facilities, monitoring of animal movements and surveillance

The article presents the results of studies on modification of the phage titer increase reaction technique for aeromonad bacteriophages. Using bacteriophages Av-4 of the UlSAU series and Ah-4 of the Ul-SAU series, which are characterized by high titers of lytic activity and a wide spectrum of specific lyt-ic action, the optimal parameters for setting up the phage titer increase reaction (a quantitative indicator of the reaction that has diagnostic value and the optimal time that ensures full interaction of the phage with bacteria) were developed. It was empirically established that the following parameters are the most effective for setting up the RNF for the purpose of indicating A. veronii bv.veronii and A.hydrophila bacteria in sanitary inspection facilities: the concentration of the indicator culture de-tected during the reaction is 103 - 104 m.c./ml/g, the working dilution of the bacteriophage is 105 PFU/ml. Experiments to optimize the methodology for setting up the RNF have shown that the most optimal method for detecting A. hydrophila and A. veronii bv. veronii bacteria in non-sterile water and fish samples in laboratory conditions is preliminary cultivation of the test material for 2 hours at (29±1) 0C, followed by infection with phages Av-4 of the UlSAU series and Ah-4 of the UlSAU series and incubation of the mixture for 4 hours at (29±1) 0C. The study was carried out in accordance with the thematic plan-task of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, registration number EGISU NIOKTR 123031600041-9.