Оver the past decade, the increase in outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, monkeypox, etc. has forced us to reconsider the approach to assessing biological risks in ensuring biological safety. The rapid global spread of these diseases is putting enormous pressure on governments and international agencies to diagnose, treat and control outbreaks. In this regard, it is necessary to study their potential in the field of biosecurity, including the diagnosis, treatment, and research of infectious diseases and improve the rules and guidelines for biodefense. An analysis of foreign experience, including China, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan was carried out on biological risk assessment, which requires constant monitoring and assessment of emerging threats and evolving risks. Monitoring includes conducting regular infectious disease surveillance, analyzing trends and patterns of disease transmission, and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and control measures. Countries can adapt their approaches and strategies to address new and emerging threats by continuously monitoring and reassessing biological risks. In conclusion, the experience of foreign countries in biological risk assessment provides valuable information on best practices, strategies and technologies that can help improve global biological risk management and mitigation efforts. This review article highlights the importance of reliable surveillance systems, effective communication and cooperation, investment in research and development, constant vigilance and preparedness for biological threats.

Currently, one of the most important tasks of the World Health Organization is prevention, the fight against epidemic diseases and the consideration of new methods in this direction. An important role in this was played by many years of experience and a stock of scientific achievements in the victory of mankind in the fight against infectious diseases. Today, there is an alarm in the media of a number of states about the emergence of epidemic disease such as monkey pox. The first registration of monkey pox in science was associated with the discovery in the middle of the XX century in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Later, a sharp increase in this infection in a number of countries attracted the special attention of the World Health Organization. The goal set by the researchers in the fight against this disease is a detailed study of the genome of the virus, consideration of vaccination measures against smallpox monkeys and its treatment. The question arises: What is the severity of monkey pox for humanity, can it pose the same danger as in the XX century, when measures were taken at the international level to combat smallpox? In this article, presented on the basis of the collected new scientific data and literary reviews, we will get answers to a number of such topical questions.

Swollen piglet disease is a significant intestinal infection caused by Escherichia coli, which poses a danger to animals and birds that act as reservoirs for the pathogen. The source of the pathogen in piglets is believed to be sick and over-infected animals or latent bacterial carriers, which form the continuous epizootic chain. Therefore, live vaccines are considered promising for avoiding of swollen piglet disease. This article aims to present the production trials of an attenuated vaccine from the E. coli AC-16 strain, which is currently being developed as a potential solution for preventing escherichiosis. The live attenuated vaccine demonstrated stable residual virulence and activity control when tested on laboratory animals (white mice). In total, 1364 piglets and 262 cows were vaccinated from 2020 to 2022. Piglets from the vaccinated swine were born viable and did not fall ill with escherichiosis. During this period, no cases of illness or death of calves from escherichiosis were reported.

Fish and fish products are of no small importance as an obligatory component of the human diet. This is due to the fact that fish meat has a high nutritional and nutritional value. However, in some cases, fish is a source of infection for humans. This is the case with some parasitoses and infections. Fish parasitoses are quite widespread, both in natural reservoirs and in pond fish farms. Often, the course of parasitosis in fish is complicated by the addition of secondary microflora, which aggravates the pathological process and serves as a source of toxic infections for humans. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of microflora in postdiplostomosis of bream and walleye in the conditions of the Kuibyshev reservoir. During the research, an inventory of the microflora of sick fish was carried out. It is represented by microorganisms from two families - Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae and three genera Listeria, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus. Contamination of organs and tissues of sick fish also has differences. The gills are maximally contaminated. Minimal contamination is inherent in the skin. In a fish with postdiplostomosis, the presentation is violated. In its raw, insufficiently boiled, fried, dried salted form, it is dangerous for humans as a source of helminthic invasion. The contamination of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora creates prerequisites for the development of toxic infections in humans when eating such fish.

This study presents the research on economically valuable traits of 70 varieties of Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nursery for Semiarid Environments (FAWWON-SA) received from the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The study of agronomic and immunological characteristics of plants under field conditions is of great importance in breeding since it allows a selection of the best genotypes more effectively, identifies and uses the sources of valuable traits and increases the accuracy of breeding. The results showed that 57 cultivar samples were winter-hardy, and the days to maturation ranged from 242 to 247. The mass of 1000 kernel ranged from 45.00 to 97.33 grams being coarse and fulfilled. Under artificial infection background of rusts, 15 cultivar samples were resistant to stem, leaf and yellow rusts. Based on the results, wheat cultivar samples were grouped by agronomic and immunological traits, resulting in the identification of 41 cultivar samples with valuable characteristics which recommended as donors in breeding.

This article reflects the key aspects of the biological safety system and biological protection measures such as: biological risk assessment, engineering and technical means, personnel health control system, disinfection and disposal of solid and liquid waste, disinfection, disinfection and deratization, in industrial, scientific and experimental laboratories, insulators (vivarium’s) and facilities Research Institute for Biosafety Safety Problems in order to comply with the requirements of biosafety and biosecurity recommended by WHO, requirements of Sanitary rules and regulatory legal acts in the field of veterinary medicine. Search for information in Internet resources, for analysis, we used keywords in Russian and English. As a result, foreign and domestic literature sources on compliance with biological safety requirements and biological protection measures were analyzed.Analysis of literature sources has shown that failure to comply with these requirements and measures will lead to deliberate theft, leakage of strains of dangerous infectious diseases and failure to properly perform standard operating procedures, to an accident situation, laboratory infection of personnel. The measures taken to comply with the requirements of biosafety and biosecurity in the RIBSP significantly reduce the threat of infection of a person, the threat of the spread, penetration or theft of dangerous microorganisms.