Identification of Sources of Resistance in Winter Wheat to Rust Species Under Artificial Infectious Background Conditions

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the resistance of winter soft wheat varieties and accessions to rust species under artificially created infectious background conditions in the southern region of Kazakhstan. The research was conducted in 2021 at the Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems. The objects of the study were varieties from Central Asia and

Transcaucasia, as well as collection accessions from the international nurseries 27FAWWON-SA and 27FAWWON-IR. Resistance assessment was carried out based on a range of phytopathological parameters, including disease severity, infection type, area under the disease progress curve, and the coefficient of infection. The studies established that under an artificial infectious background, a significant differentiation of accessions by the level of resistance to stem, leaf, and yellow rust is observed. The maximum disease severity in susceptible accessions reached 60-80%, while in resistant forms this indicator did not exceed 10-20%. Weather conditions during the growing season influenced the development of yellow rust, whose severity remained low in most cases. The results showed that foreign accessions possess a higher level of resistance compared to varieties from CA&T. Specifically, the proportion of forms resistant to stem rust in the 27FAWWON-IR nursery reached 72.1%. Overall, 125 accessions with complex resistance to all three rust species were identified. It was established that the use of an artificial infectious background is an effective and reliable method for phytopathological screening, providing an objective evaluation of genotypes. The identified accessions are of significant interest for breeding practice and can be used as donors of resistance in the development of new high-yielding winter wheat varieties adapted to the conditions of Kazakhstan.

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