КЛЕТОЧНЫЕ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ В МОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ КАНЦЕРОГЕНЕЗА И ИХ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ В ПРЕЦИЗИОННОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ

Онкологические заболевания являются одной из самых актуальных проблем человечества. К сожалению, современные методы профилактики и лечения рака не поспевают за тенденцией увеличения смертности и появления новых случаев данных заболеваний. Одной из причин этого является отсутствие доклинических моделей in vitro, которые бы точно имитировали человеческие опухоли, их разнообразную морфологию, молекулярные характеристики и микроокружение. Исследования опухолей, их морфологические характеристики, прогноз лечения, терапевтические подходы до сих пор проводятся на двухмерных моделях культур клеток и животных. Однако двухмерные модели культур клеток имеют ограничения из-за отсутствия тканеспецифической архитектуры, биохимических сигналов и взаимодействия между клетками и окружающей матрицей, поэтому они не могут точно отображать и моделировать сложные процессы in vivo. В свою очередь использование животных для моделирования опухолевых заболеваний и тестирования на них лекарственных препаратов не только дорогостоящее и трудоемкое занятие, но также данные модели не могут имитировать биологические реакции людей из-за видовых различий. Трехмерные модели ткани более подходящие в плане морфологии, миграции, пролиферации, реакции на лекарственное лечение, а также экспрессии генов и белков, более точно имитируют рост тканей in vivo. В данном обзоре приведены современные научные данные по использованию клеточных биотехнологий для изучения канцерогенеза и их потенциал в прецизионной медицине.

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