ОБЗОР ТЕКУЩЕЙ СИТУАЦИИ ПО ВАКЦИНАМ ПРОТИВ СЕЗОННОГО ГРИППА

Заражение вирусом гриппа вызывает сезонные эпидемии и периодические пандемии, приводящие к огромной заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире. Вакцинация является важнейшим инструментом профилактики гриппа, при этом требуется ежегодное обновление состава вакцины из-за постоянной изменчивости вируса гриппа. Эпидемиологический надзор за вирусом играет важную роль для лучшего выбора вирусов-кандидатов для вакцин и раннего выявления штаммов, устойчивых к лекарствам.
В данной работе представлен обзор текущих вариантов вакцин и существующих разработок-кандидатов в вакцины. На сегодняшний день в мире лицензированы три типа вакцин против гриппа: инактивированные, живые ослабленные и рекомбинантные. Эффективность текущего варианта вакцин против гриппа является субоптимальной и оценивается в 40–60 %, когда штаммы вакцин антигенно хорошо соответствуют циркулирующим вирусам. В целом вакцины против гриппа эффективны против заболеваемости и смертности среди населения от данной инфекции. Однако эффективность вакцины зависит от ряда факторов, таких как возраст вакцинируемых, соответствие штамма, входящего в состав вакцины, циркулирующему вирусу, сам процесс производства, а также история предыдущей вакцинации субъекта. Вакцины следующего поколения, универсальные вакцины и комбинированные вакцины являются результатом современных достижений и основой для перспективы развития противогриппозных вакцин

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