biobБиобезопасность и БиотехнологияBiosafety and Biotechnology2707-72412957-5702Научно-исследовательский институт проблем биологической безопасностиbiob-173Research ArticleБИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И БИОЗАЩИТАBIOLOGICAL SAFETY AND BIOSECURITYРаспространение и профилактика болезни Ньюкасла в КыргызстанеЖунушовАсанкадыр Темирбекович

д.в.н. профессор, член-корр. НАН КР

Директор института биотехнологии Национальной академии наук КР

zhunushov.asankadyr@gmail.comИнститут биотехнологии Национальной академии наук КР г. Бишкек, Кыргызская РеспубликаРоссияInstitute of biotechnology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek, Kyrgyz RepublicRussian Federation202526092025122173Copyright © Жунушов А.Т., 20252025Жунушов А.Т.Жунушов А.Т.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.biosafety.kz/jour/article/view/173

Болезнь Ньюкасла представляет собой одну из ключевых трансграничных инфекций, имеющих важное значение для ветеринарной службы Кыргызстана. По данным Министерства сельского хозяйства КР и международных организаций (МЭБ/ВОЗЖ), заболевание регистрировалось в различных регионах страны, особенно в южных областях, где птицеводство распространено среди личных подсобных хозяйств.

Болезнь Ньюкасла распространена на всех континентах, за исключением Австралии, и оказывает значительное негативное влияние на развитие птицеводства, вызывая крупные экономические убытки. На территории Кыргызской Республики случаи заболевания регистрировались, в частности, в 2015 и 2016 годах. Несмотря на то, что возбудитель болезни хорошо изучен, а также известны особенности клинического течения инфекции, вопрос полной ликвидации заболевания остаётся нерешённым. Целью данной статьи является систематизация и обобщение доступных литературных источников, включая исторические сведения, эпизоотологические данные, молекулярно-генетические характеристики возбудителя, а также современные подходы к диагностике, профилактике и контролю болезни Ньюкасла. Особое внимание уделено эпизоотической ситуации в Кыргызской Республике.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.