biobБиобезопасность и БиотехнологияBiosafety and Biotechnology2707-72412957-5702Научно-исследовательский институт проблем биологической безопасности10.58318/2957-5702-2024-18-75-93biob-153Research ArticleСТАТЬИArticlesОБЗОР ТЕКУЩЕЙ СИТУАЦИИ ПО ВАКЦИНАМ ПРОТИВ СЕЗОННОГО ГРИППАOVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION ON SEASONAL INFLUENZA VACCINEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-8998БайызбековаД.BaiyzbekovaD. A.

Байызбекова Джайнагуль, доктор медицинских наук, профессор

djayna2001@mail.ruРеспубликанский научно-практический центр инфекционного контроля, Национальный институт общественного здоровьяКыргызстанRepublican Scientific and Practical Center for Infection Control, National Institute of Public HealthKyrgyzstan2024151020230187593Copyright © Байызбекова Д.A., 20232023Байызбекова Д.Baiyzbekova D.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.biosafety.kz/jour/article/view/153

Заражение вирусом гриппа вызывает сезонные эпидемии и периодические пандемии, приводящие к огромной заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире. Вакцинация является важнейшим инструментом профилактики гриппа, при этом требуется ежегодное обновление состава вакцины из-за постоянной изменчивости вируса гриппа. Эпидемиологический надзор за вирусом играет важную роль для лучшего выбора вирусов-кандидатов для вакцин и раннего выявления штаммов, устойчивых к лекарствам.В данной работе представлен обзор текущих вариантов вакцин и существующих разработок-кандидатов в вакцины. На сегодняшний день в мире лицензированы три типа вакцин против гриппа: инактивированные, живые ослабленные и рекомбинантные. Эффективность текущего варианта вакцин против гриппа является субоптимальной и оценивается в 40–60 %, когда штаммы вакцин антигенно хорошо соответствуют циркулирующим вирусам. В целом вакцины против гриппа эффективны против заболеваемости и смертности среди населения от данной инфекции. Однако эффективность вакцины зависит от ряда факторов, таких как возраст вакцинируемых, соответствие штамма, входящего в состав вакцины, циркулирующему вирусу, сам процесс производства, а также история предыдущей вакцинации субъекта. Вакцины следующего поколения, универсальные вакцины и комбинированные вакцины являются результатом современных достижений и основой для перспективы развития противогриппозных вакцин

Influenza virus infection causes seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics, resulting in high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination is the most important tool for the prevention of influenza, while annual renewal of the composition of the vaccine is required due to the constant variability of the influenza virus. Epidemiological surveillance of the virus plays an important role in the better selection of candidate viruses for vaccines and early detection of drug-resistant strains.This work presents an overview of current vaccine options and existing vaccine candidate developments. Today, three types of influenza vaccines are licensed in the world: inactivated, live attenuated and recombinant. The effectiveness of the current version of the influenza vaccine is suboptimal and is estimated at 40–60% when the vaccine strains antigenically correspond well to the circulating viruses. In general, the influenza vaccine is effective against morbidity and mortality among the population from this infection. However, the effectiveness of the vaccine depends on a number of factors, such as the age of the vaccinated, the corresponding strain included in the vaccine, the circulating virus, the production process itself, and the subject's previous vaccination history. Next-generation vaccines, universal vaccines and combination vaccines are the result of modern achievements and the basis for the future development of influenza vaccines

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.