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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биобезопасность и Биотехнология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biosafety and Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2707-7241</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2957-5702</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Научно-исследовательский институт проблем биологической безопасности</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biob-152</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИТОПАТОЛОГИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYTOPATHOLOGY AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DIVERSITY AND VIRULENCE OF LEAF AND STEM RUST RUST POPULATIONS IN KAZAKHSTAN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-2997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maulenbay</surname><given-names>Akerke</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">a.maulenbay@biosafety.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute for biological safety problems<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>22</issue><elocation-id>152</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Maulenbay A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Maulenbay A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maulenbay A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.biosafety.kz/jour/article/view/152">https://journal.biosafety.kz/jour/article/view/152</self-uri><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Phytosanitary security is crucial for ensuring the food and national security of Kazakhstan, especially in combating high-risk cereal diseases like leaf rust and stem rust. This study assessed the virulence and race composition of Puccinia triticina and Puccinia graminis populations collected from different regions of Kazakhstan. A total of 30 isolates of leaf rust and 31 isolates of stem were analyzed against Lr and Sr near-isogenic lines to determine the effectiveness of resistance genes. Results revealed significant variability in race composition and virulence between northern and southern populations, with some races identified as common to both regions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>leaf rust</kwd><kwd>stem rust</kwd><kwd>wheat</kwd><kwd>race</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Ministry of Science and Higher Education</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cortes L.T., Zhang Z., Yu J. 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