biobБиобезопасность и БиотехнологияBiosafety and Biotechnology2707-72412957-5702Научно-исследовательский институт проблем биологической безопасности10.58318/2957-5702-2024-17-57-71biob-134Research ArticleСТАТЬИArticlesАНТИБИОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ ПАТОГЕНОВ ПРИ ИНФЕКЦИЯХ НИЖНИХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8652-8580ЖумакаеваА. Н.JumakayevaA. N.

Жумакаева Айкумыс Нургалиевна,  кандидат ветеринарных наук, главный научный сотрудник

zhumakayeva@mail.ruТОО «Научно-аналитический центр «Биомедпрепарат»КазахстанLLP «Scientific and Analytical Center «Biomedpreparat»Kazakhstan2024141020230175771Copyright © Жумакаева А.Н., 20232023Жумакаева А.Н.Jumakayeva A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.biosafety.kz/jour/article/view/134

В этой статье представлен обзор научных статей по проблеме устойчивости микроорганизмов к антибиотикам Обобщены современные представления об антибиотикорезистентности, разделения микроорганизмов на чувствительные и устойчивые к действию антибиотиков, раскрыто понятие минимальной ингибирующей концентрации с современных позиций. Раскрыты основные механизмы развития антибиотикорезистентности, устойчивости, векторы и гены, отвечающие за передачу резистентности. Резистентность микроорганизмов к антибактериальным средствам может быть врождённой и приобретенной. Описаны бактериальные возбудителями ИНДП Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis и другие грамположительные и грамотрицательные бактерии. Показаны механизмы ненаследственной устойчивости, которые включают изменение метаболической активности, фенотипическую пластичность, образование пленок. Факторы в приобретении и передаче антибиотикорезистентности. Эволюцию антибиотикорезистентности, которая проходит несколько ключевых этапов. Одним из векторов в изучении эволюции антибиотикорезистентности должен стать анализ не изолированных бактериальных штаммов, бактериальных сообществ, формирующих биоплёнки, поскольку, находясь в биоплёнках микроорганизмы проявляют низкую чувствительность к различным антибиотикам за счёт механизмов фенотипической устойчивости.Методы борьбы с АР включающая несколько направлений: рациональное использование антибиотиков, разработка новых антибиотиков, вакцинация

This article provides an overview of scientific studies on the problem of microbial resistance to antibiotics. It summarizes current concepts of antibiotic resistance, the division of microorganisms into sensitive and resistant to antibiotics, and explains the concept of minimal inhibitory concentration from a modern perspective. The main mechanisms of the development of antibiotic resistance, vectors, and genes responsible for the transmission of resistance are revealed. Microorganism resistance to antibacterial agents can be innate or acquired. The bacterial pathogens of respiratory infections, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, and other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, are described. Non-hereditary resistance mechanisms are shown, including changes in metabolic activity, phenotypic plasticity, and biofilm formation. The factors involved in the acquisition and transmission of antibiotic resistance, as well as the evolution of antibiotic resistance, which goes through several key stages, are discussed. One of the vectors in studying the evolution of antibiotic resistance should be the analysis of bacterial communities forming biofilms rather than isolated bacterial strains, as microorganisms in biofilms exhibit low sensitivity to various antibiotics due to phenotypic resistance mechanisms.The methods of combating antibiotic resistance include several approaches: rational use of antibiotics, development of new antibiotics, and vaccination

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.