biobБиобезопасность и БиотехнологияBiosafety and Biotechnology2707-72412957-5702Научно-исследовательский институт проблем биологической безопасности10.58318/2957-5702-2024-18-19-43biob-121Research ArticleСТАТЬИArticlesИНФЕКЦИОННЫЙ РИНОТРАХЕИТ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА: КРАТКИЙ ОБЗОРINFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS: A BRIEF OVERVIEWhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8543-4219БулатовЕ. А.BulatovE. A.

Булатов Ербол Акенович, заведующий лабораторией «Технологии культивирования микроорганизмов»

ye.bulatov@biosafety.kzhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-9484-0540КурмашеваА. К.KurmashevaA. K.

Курмашева Алина Каиржановна, Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории "Технологии культивирования микроорганизмов"

alina-kurmasheva98@mail.ru«Научно-исследовательский институт проблем биологической безопасности» МЗ РККазахстан«Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems» Ministry of Health of the Republic of KazakhstanKazakhstan2024151020230181943Copyright © Булатов Е.А., Курмашева А.К., 20232023Булатов Е.А., Курмашева А.К.Bulatov E.A., Kurmasheva A.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.biosafety.kz/jour/article/view/121

Инфекционный ринотрахеит крупного рогатого скота (ИРТ КРС) представляет собой заболевание вирусной этиологии, возбудителем которого является представитель семейства герпесвирусов – вирус бычьего герпесвируса типа 1 (BHV-1). Инфекция распространена повсеместно, и только некоторые страны смогли получить статус свободных от ИРТ территорий. Основными негативными последствиями, влияющие на экономику страны, являются снижение репродуктивных и продуктивных свойств скота, а также гибель животного. Клиническими симптомами заболевания являются лихорадка, кашель, аборты, конъюнктивит. Источниками инфекции являются больные КРС, в чьих выделениях из слизистых, абортивных материалах, экссудатах можно обнаружить ДНК BHV-1. Вирион, при проникновении в ткани-мишени, быстро реплицируется, вызывая лизис инфицированных клеток. Геном вируса кодирует около 70 белков, некоторые из которых способны препятствовать обнаружению инфицированных клеток Т-клетками, а перетекание инфекции в латентную форму и вовсе осложняет ситуации по ИРТ КРС. В связи с тем, что вирусу свойственна реактивация при нахождении животного в стрессовых условиях, то непрерывная циркуляция возбудителя среди стада неизбежна. Для диагностики BHV-1 применяются различные коммерческие диагностистические тесты, основанные на методах серологии и генной инженерии. С целью профилактики ИРТ КРС животных иммунизируют вакцинами, нашедшие применение в фармацевтическом рынке. Одновременно проводятся исследования по созданию новых биопрепаратов, способные защитить поголовье КРС от ИРТ

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a disease of viral etiology, the causative agent of which is a member of the herpesvirus family - bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1). The infection is widespread, and only some countries have been able to obtain the status of IBR -free territories. The main negative consequences affecting the country's economy are a decrease in the reproductive and productive properties of livestock, as well as the death of the animal. Clinical symptoms of the disease are fever, cough, abortion, conjunctivitis. Sources of infection are sick cattle, in whose secretions from mucous membranes, abortive materials, and exudates DNA of BHV-1 can be detected. The virion, upon penetration into target tissues, rapidly replicates, causing lysis of infected cells. The genome of the virus encodes about 70 proteins, some of which can prevent the detection of infected cells by T cells, and the spread of infection into a latent form completely complicates the situation with IBR. Due to the fact that the virus is characterized by reactivation when the animal is under stressful conditions, continuous circulation of the pathogen among the herd is inevitable. Various commercial diagnostic tests based on serology and genetic engineering methods are used to diagnose BHV-1. In order to prevent IBR, animals are immunized with vaccines that are used in the pharmaceutical market. At the same time, research is being conducted to create new biological products that can protect cattle from disease.

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Optimization of conditions for cultivation of pathogens of infectious rhinotracheitis and viral diarrhea // BIO Web of Conferences. – Kazan, 2024. – P. 06012. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411606012В Карагандинской области КРС пострадал от инфекции [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://kz.kursiv.media/2021-12-22/v-karagandinskoy-oblasti-krs-postradal-ot-infekcii/amp/ (дата обращения 22 июля 2024 г).V Karagandinskoj oblasti KRS postradal ot infekcii [In the Karaganda region, cattle suffered from infection] [Electronic resource]. – URL https://kz.kursiv.media/2021-12-22/v-karagandinskoy-oblasti-krs-postradal-ot-infekcii/amp/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Инфекционный ринотрахеит крупного рогатого скота [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL:https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/bko-veterinaria/press/article/details/83542?lang=ru (дата обращения 22 июля 2024 г).Infekcionnyj rinotraheit krupnogo rogatogo skota [Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis] [Electronic resource]. – URL:https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/bko-veterinaria/press/article/details/83542?lang=ru (date of the application 22 July 2024).Инфекционный ринотрахеит зарегистрирован в Атырауской области [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://eldala.kz/novosti/zhivotnovodstvo/8758-infekcionnyy-rinotraheit-zaregistrirovan-v-atyrausk oy-oblasti (дата обращения 22 июля 2024 г).Infekcionnyj rinotraheit zaregistrirovan v Atyrauskoj oblasti [Infectious rhinotracheitis registered in Atyrau region] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://eldala.kz/novosti/zhivotnovodstvo/8758-infekcionnyy-rinotraheit-zaregistrirovan-v-atyrauskoy-oblasti (date of the application 22 July 2024).В Алытауском районе Республики Казахстан выявили инфекционный ринотрахеит скота [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://dairynews.today/kz/news/v-alytauskom-rayone-respubliki-kazakhstan-vyyavili.html (дата обращения 22 июля 2024 г).V Alytauskom rajone Respubliki Kazahstan vyyavili infekcionnyj rinotraheit skota [Infectious rhinotracheitis of livestock was detected in the Alytau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://dairynews.today/kz/news/v-alytauskom-rayone-respubliki-kazakhstan-vyyavili.html (date of the application 22 July 2024).Инфекционный ринотрахеит выявлен в Павлодарской области [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL:https://eldala.kz/novosti/zhivotnovodstvo/9451-infekcionnyy-rinotraheit-vyyavlen-v-pavlodarskoy-oblasti (дата обращения 22 июля 2024 г).Infekcionnyj rinotraheit vyyavlen v Pavlodarskoj oblasti [Infectious rhinotracheitis detected in Pavlodar region] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://eldala.kz/novosti/zhivotnovodstvo/9451-infekcionnyy-rinotraheit-vyyavlen-v-pavlodarskoyoblasti (date of the application 22 July 2024).Об установлении ограничительных мероприятий на территории села Жетекши города Павлодара [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://legalacts.egov.kz/npa/view?id=14096383 (дата обращения 22 июля 2024 г).Ob ustanovlenii ogranichitel'nyh meropriyatij na territorii sela ZHetekshi goroda Pavlodara [On the establishment of restrictive measures on the territory of the village of Zhetekshi in the city of Pavlodar] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://legalacts.egov.kz/npa/view?id=14096383 (date of the application 22 July 2024).Причину падежа скота установили в Северном Казахстане [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL:https://ru.sputnik.kz/20220407/prichinu-padezha-skota-ustanovili-v-severnom-kazakhstane-24 037386.html (дата обращения 22 июля 2024 г).Prichinu padezha skota ustanovili v Severnom Kazahstane [Cause of livestock deaths identified in Northern Kazakhstan] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://ru.sputnik.kz/20220407/prichinu-padezha-skota-ustanovili-v-severnom-kazakhstane-24037386.html (date of the application 22 July 2024).Казахстан: У коров в КХ «Саят» не подтвердился ящур [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://dairynews.today/kz/news/kazakhstan-u-korov-v-kkh-sayat-ne-podtverdilsya-ya.html (дата обращения 22 июля 2024 г).Kazahstan: U korov v KKH «Sayat» ne podtverdilsya yashchur [Kazakhstan: Foot and mouth disease was not confirmed in cows at Sayat farm] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://dairynews.today/kz/news/kazakhstan-u-korov-v-kkh-sayat-ne-podtverdilsya-ya.html (date of the application 22 July 2024).Mars M.H., de Jong M.C., Franken P., van Oirschot J.T. Efficacy of a live glycoprotein E-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine in cattle in the field // Vaccine. –2001. – Vol.19 (Pt 15-16). – P. 1924-1930. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00435-7.Mars M.H., de Jong M.C., Franken P., van Oirschot J.T. Efficacy of a live glycoprotein E-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine in cattle in the field // Vaccine. –2001. – Vol.19 (Pt 15-16). – P. 1924-1930. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00435-7.De Brun L., Leites M., Furtado A., Campos F., Roehe P., Puentes R., 2021. Field Evaluation of Commercial Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (Ibr) Virus Using Different Immunization Protocols // Vaccines (Basel). – 2021. – Vol. 9 (Pt 4). – P. 408. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9040408De Brun L., Leites M., Furtado A., Campos F., Roehe P., Puentes R., 2021. Field Evaluation of Commercial Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (Ibr) Virus Using Different Immunization Protocols // Vaccines (Basel). – 2021. – Vol. 9 (Pt 4). – P. 408. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9040408Castrucci G., Ferrari M., Marchini C., Salvatori D., Provinciali M., Tosini A., Petrini S., Sardonini Q., Lo Dico M., Frigeri F., Amici A. Immunization against bovine herpesvirus-1 infection. Preliminary tests in calves with a DNA vaccine // Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. – 2004. – Vol. 27 (Pt 3). – P. 171-179. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2003.09.001.Castrucci G., Ferrari M., Marchini C., Salvatori D., Provinciali M., Tosini A., Petrini S., Sardonini Q., Lo Dico M., Frigeri F., Amici A. Immunization against bovine herpesvirus-1 infection. Preliminary tests in calves with a DNA vaccine // Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. – 2004. – Vol. 27 (Pt 3). – P. 171-179. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2003.09.001.MacLachlan N.J. Herpesvirales / N.J. 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Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals unique SNP profiles to distinguish vaccine and wild-type strains of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) // Virology. – 2018. – Vol. 522. – P. 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.015Chothe S.K., Sebastian A., Thomas A., Nissly R.H, Wolfgang D., Byukusenge M., Mor S.K., Goyal S.M., Albert I., Tewari D., Jayarao B.M., Kuchipudi S. Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals unique SNP profiles to distinguish vaccine and wild-type strains of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) // Virology. – 2018. – Vol. 522. – P. 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.015Bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 complete genome [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/2653291?report=graph&tracks=[key:sequence_track,name:S equence,display_name:Sequence,id:STD649220238,annots:Sequence,ShowLabel:false,ColorGaps:f alse,shown:true,order:1][key:gene_model_track,name:Genes,display_name:Genes,id:STD31949820 05,annots:Unnamed,Options:ShowAll,CDSProductFeats:true,NtRuler:true,AaRuler:true,Highlight Mode:2,ShowLabel:true,shown:true,order:4][key:feature_track,name:Repeat%20region,display_na me:Repeat%20region,id:STD3463812800,subkey:repeat_region,annots:Unnamed,shown:true,order: 5]&assm_context=GCA_000847945.1&v=1:135301&c=000000&select=null&slim=0 (date of the application 22 July 2024).Bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 complete genome [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/2653291?report=graph&tracks=[key:sequence_track,name:S equence,display_name:Sequence,id:STD649220238,annots:Sequence,ShowLabel:false,ColorGaps:f alse,shown:true,order:1][key:gene_model_track,name:Genes,display_name:Genes,id:STD31949820 05,annots:Unnamed,Options:ShowAll,CDSProductFeats:true,NtRuler:true,AaRuler:true,Highlight Mode:2,ShowLabel:true,shown:true,order:4][key:feature_track,name:Repeat%20region,display_na me:Repeat%20region,id:STD3463812800,subkey:repeat_region,annots:Unnamed,shown:true,order: 5]&assm_context=GCA_000847945.1&v=1:135301&c=000000&select=null&slim=0 (date of the application 22 July 2024).Ning Y., Huang Y., Wang M., Cheng A., Yang Q., Wu Y., Tian B., Ou X., Huang J., Mao S., Zhao X., Zhang S., Gao Q., Chen S., Liu M., Zhu D., Jia R. Alphaherpesvirus glycoprotein E: A review of its interactions with other proteins of the virus and its application in vaccinology // Front. Microbiol. – 2022. – Vol. 13. –P. 970545. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970545Ning Y., Huang Y., Wang M., Cheng A., Yang Q., Wu Y., Tian B., Ou X., Huang J., Mao S., Zhao X., Zhang S., Gao Q., Chen S., Liu M., Zhu D., Jia R. Alphaherpesvirus glycoprotein E: A review of its interactions with other proteins of the virus and its application in vaccinology // Front. Microbiol. – 2022. – Vol. 13. –P. 970545. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970545Woodbine K. A., Medley G. F., Moore S. J. A four-year longitudinal sero-epidemiological study of bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1) in adult cattle in 107 unvaccinated herds in south west England // BMC Veter. res. – 2009. – Vol. 5 (Pt 5). https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-5-5Woodbine K. A., Medley G. F., Moore S. J. A four-year longitudinal sero-epidemiological study of bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1) in adult cattle in 107 unvaccinated herds in south west England // BMC Veter. res. – 2009. – Vol. 5 (Pt 5). https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-5-5Имбаби Т.А.Ш.М. Иммунобиологическая реактивность крупного рогатого скота при специфической профилактике инфекционного ринотрахеита и парагриппа-3: Дисс. … канд. вет. наук: 06.02.02 / Т.А.Ш.М. Имбаби. – Краснодар, 2018. – 190 с.Imbabi T.A.SH.M. (2018) Immunobiologicheskaya reaktivnost' krupnogo rogatogo skota pri specificheskoj profilaktike infekcionnogo rinotraheita i paragrippa-3 [Immunobiological reactivity of cattle for specific prevention of infectious rhinotracheitis and parainfluenza-3]. Diss. … kand. vet. nauk: 06.02.02, Krasnodar, 190 p.Engels M., Gelderblom H., Darai G., Ludwig H. 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Sci. – 2014. – Vol. 3 (Pt 1). – P. 58–71.Nurmanov CH.A., Irgashev A.SH., Nurgaziev R.Z., Akhmedzhanov M.A., Isakeev M.K. Clinical signs and pathological changes in infectious rhinotracheitis in bovine // Vestnik KNAU. – 2020. – Vol. 2 (Pt 53). – P. 98–103. eLIBRARY ID: 44779103Nurmanov CH.A., Irgashev A.SH., Nurgaziev R.Z., Akhmedzhanov M.A., Isakeev M.K. Clinical signs and pathological changes in infectious rhinotracheitis in bovine // Vestnik KNAU. – 2020. – Vol. 2 (Pt 53). – P. 98–103. eLIBRARY ID: 44779103Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://owlcation.com/stem/InfectiousBovineRhinotracheitis (date of the application 22 July 2024).Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://owlcation.com/stem/InfectiousBovineRhinotracheitis (date of the application 22 July 2024).Инфекционный ринотрахеит [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://ruminants.msd-animal-health.ru/disease/bolezni-korov/osnovnye-infektsionnye-bolezni/infektsionnyy-rinotrakheit/ (дата обращения 22 июля 2024 г).Infekcionnyj rinotraheit [Infectious rhinotracheitis] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://ruminants.msd-animal-health.ru/disease/bolezni-korov/osnovnye-infektsionnye-bolezni/infektsionnyy-rinotrakheit/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Wang C., Chen Y., Chen X., Hu C., Chen J., Guo A. Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Ivermectin against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus in Rabbit Model // Animals. – 2023. – Vol. 13 (Pt 20). – P. 3164. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13203164Wang C., Chen Y., Chen X., Hu C., Chen J., Guo A. Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Ivermectin against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus in Rabbit Model // Animals. – 2023. – Vol. 13 (Pt 20). – P. 3164. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13203164Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis Virus, IBRV Real-time qPCR Kit [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.ringbio.com/products/pcr/bovine-ibrv-real-time-qpcr-kit (date of the application 22 July 2024).Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis Virus, IBRV Real-time qPCR Kit [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.ringbio.com/products/pcr/bovine-ibrv-real-time-qpcr-kit (date of the application 22 July 2024).Hi-PCR® Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Probe PCR Kit [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.himedialabs.com/us/mbpcr164-hi-pcr-infectious-bovine-rhinotracheitis-ibr-probe-pcr-kit.html (date of the application 22 July 2024)Hi-PCR® Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Probe PCR Kit [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.himedialabs.com/us/mbpcr164-hi-pcr-infectious-bovine-rhinotracheitis-ibr-probe-pcr-kit.html (date of the application 22 July 2024).IBR PCR Kit [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://labotaq.com/producto/ibr-pcr-kit/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).IBR PCR Kit [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://labotaq.com/producto/ibr-pcr-kit/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Тест - система для диагностики инфекционного ринотрахеита крупного рогатого скота методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: http://www.td-prostore.ru/catalog/cow/test-sistems/308/ (дата обращения 22 июля 2024 г).Test - sistema dlya diagnostiki infekcionnogo rinotraheita krupnogo rogatogo skota metodom polimeraznoj cepnoj reakcii v real'nom vremeni [Test - system for diagnosing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis using real-time polymerase chain reaction] [Electronic resource]. – URL: http://www.td-prostore.ru/catalog/cow/test-sistems/308/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Indirect ELISA for the detection of anti-BHV-1 antibodies in bovine serum and plasma [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.innovative-diagnostics.com/produit/id-screen-ibr-indirect/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Indirect ELISA for the detection of anti-BHV-1 antibodies in bovine serum and plasma [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.innovative-diagnostics.com/produit/id-screen-ibr-indirect/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against the gE protein of the BHV-1 virus in bovine serum, plasma and milk (individual, bulk or condensed milk samples) [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.innovative-diagnostics.com/produit/id-screen-ibr-ge-competition/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against the gE protein of the BHV-1 virus in bovine serum, plasma and milk (individual, bulk or condensed milk samples) [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.innovative-diagnostics.com/produit/id-screen-ibr-ge-competition/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Competitive ELISA for the detection of anti-gB antibodies in serum, plasma and milk samples [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.innovative-diagnostics.com/produit/id-screen-ibr-gb-competition/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Competitive ELISA for the detection of anti-gB antibodies in serum, plasma and milk samples [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.innovative-diagnostics.com/produit/id-screen-ibr-gb-competition/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Набор реагентов «BHV1 Bulk Milk Ab Test (IBR/BHV-1)» для диагностики методом ИФА [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://algimed.com/katalog/chemicals_and_kits/nabory-dlya-opredeleniya-metodom-ifa/nabor-reag entov-bhv1-bulk-milk-ab-test-ibr-bhv-1-dlya-diagnostiki-metodom-ifa.html (дата обращения 23 июля 2024 г).Nabor reagentov «BHV1 Bulk Milk Ab Test (IBR/BHV-1)» dlya diagnostiki metodom IFA [Reagent kit “BHV1 Bulk Milk Ab Test (IBR/BHV-1)” for diagnostics by ELISA] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://algimed.com/katalog/chemicals_and_kits/nabory-dlya-opredeleniya-metodom-ifa/nabor-reagentov-bhv1-bulk-milk-ab-test-ibr-bhv-1-dlya-diagnostiki-metodom-ifa.html (date of the application 23 July 2024).IDEXX IBR gE Ab Test [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.idexx.com/en/livestock/livestock-tests/ruminant-tests/idexx-ibr-ge-ab-test/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).IDEXX IBR gE Ab Test [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.idexx.com/en/livestock/livestock-tests/ruminant-tests/idexx-ibr-ge-ab-test/ (date of the application 22 July 2024).Svanovir® IBR-Ab [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.svanova.com/products/bovine/bp01.html (date of the application 22 July 2024).Svanovir® IBR-Ab [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.svanova.com/products/bovine/bp01.html (date of the application 22 July 2024).Cattletype ® BHV 1 gB Ab [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://shop.indical.com/en/assays-and-reagents/ready-to-use-assays/ruminants/cattletype-bhv1-gb-ab-5-elisa-plates.html?redirected=1 (date of the application 22 July 2024).Cattletype ® BHV 1 gB Ab [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://shop.indical.com/en/assays-and-reagents/ready-to-use-assays/ruminants/cattletype-bhv1-gb-ab-5-elisa-plates.html?redirected=1 (date of the application 22 July 2024).Набор для выявления антител к вирусу инфекционного ринотрахеита крупного рогатого скота иммуноферментным методом «ИРТ-СЕРОТЕСТ» [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: http://www.td-prostore.ru/catalog/cow/diagnostica-ifa/irt-serotest-krs-ifa/ (дата обращения 23 июля 2024 г).Nabor dlya vyyavleniya antitel k virusu infekcionnogo rinotraheita krupnogo rogatogo skota immunofermentnym metodom «IRT-SEROTEST» [Kit for detecting antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus using the enzyme immunoassay method "IRT-SEROTEST"] [Electronic resource]. – URL: http://www.td-prostore.ru/catalog/cow/diagnostica-ifa/irt-serotest-krs-ifa/ (date of the application 23 July 2024).RISPOVAL IBR-marker inactivated [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.zoetis.ie/products/beef-cattle/vaccines/rispoval-ibr-marker-inactivated.aspx (date of the application 23 July 2024).RISPOVAL IBR-marker inactivated [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.zoetis.ie/products/beef-cattle/vaccines/rispoval-ibr-marker-inactivated.aspx (date of the application 23 July 2024).VAC-SULES PREMIUM [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.laboratoriosmicrosules.com/en/producto/vac-sules-premium/ (date of the application 23 July 2024).VAC-SULES PREMIUM [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.laboratoriosmicrosules.com/en/producto/vac-sules-premium/ (date of the application 23 July 2024).VAC-SULES REPRODUCTIVA FORTE [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.laboratoriosmicrosules.com/en/producto/vac-sules-reproductiva-forte/ (date of the application 23 July 2024).VAC-SULES REPRODUCTIVA FORTE [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.laboratoriosmicrosules.com/en/producto/vac-sules-reproductiva-forte/ (date of the application 23 July 2024).БиоБос ИБР маркер живой (BioBos marker live) [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://vetsnab.info/vetpreparaty/biobos-ibr-marker-zhivoj-biobos-marker-live/ (дата обращения 23 июля 2024 г).BioBos IBR marker zhivoj [BioBos IBR marker live] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://vetsnab.info/vetpreparaty/biobos-ibr-marker-zhivoj-biobos-marker-live/ (date of the application 23 July 2024).Bovilis IBR marker inac Suspension for injection for cattle [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.hpra.ie/homepage/veterinary/veterinary-medicines-information/find-a-medicine/item?pano=VPA10996/200/001&t=Bovilis%20IBR%20marker%20inac%20Suspension%20for%20injection%20for%20cattle (date of the application 23 July 2024).Bovilis IBR marker inac Suspension for injection for cattle [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://www.hpra.ie/homepage/veterinary/veterinary-medicines-information/find-a-medicine/item?pano=VPA10996/200/001&t=Bovilis%20IBR%20marker%20inac%20Suspension%20for%20injection%20for%20cattle (date of the application 23 July 2024).ТРИВАК [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://vetsnab.info/vetpreparaty/trivak/ (дата обращения 23 июля 2024 г).TRIVAK [TRIVAC] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://vetsnab.info/vetpreparaty/trivak/ (date of the application 23 July 2024).Вакцина поливалентная инактивированная культуральная против инфекционного ринотрахеита, вирусной диареи, парагриппа- 3, респираторно-синцитиальной инфекции крупного рогатого скота «Пневмовир» [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://belvitunifarm.by/catalog/vakczina-polivalentnaya-inaktivirovannaya-kulturalnaya-protiv-infekczionnogo-rinotraheita-virusnoj-diarei-paragrippa-3-respiratorno-sinczitialnoj-infekczii-krupnogo-rogatogo-skota-pnevmovir/ (дата обращения 23 июля 2024 г).Vakcina polivalentnaya inaktivirovannaya kul'tural'naya protiv infekcionnogo rinotraheita, virusnoj diarei, paragrippa- 3, respiratorno-sincitial'noj infekcii krupnogo rogatogo skota «Pnevmovir» [Polyvalent inactivated cultural vaccine against infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial infection of cattle "Pneumovir"] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://belvitunifarm.by/catalog/vakczina-polivalentnaya-inaktivirovannaya-kulturalnaya-protiv-infekczionnogo-rinotraheita-virusnoj-diarei-paragrippa-3-respiratorno-sinczitialnoj-infekczii-krupnogo-rogatogo-skota-pnevmovir/ (date of the application 23 July 2024).Вакцина ассоциированная против инфекционного ринотрахеита, вирусной диареи, рота- и коронавирусной инфекции, колибактериоза и сальмонеллеза крупного рогатого скота «Бактовир-6» [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://vetsnab.info/vetpreparaty/vakczina-assocziirovannaya-protiv-infekczionnogo-rinotraheita-virusnoj-diarei-rota-i-koronavirusnoj-infekczii-kolibakterioza-i-salmonelleza-krupnogo-rogatogo-skota-baktovir-6/ (дата обращения 23 июля 2024 г).Vakcina associirovannaya protiv infekcionnogo rinotraheita, virusnoj diarei, rota- i koronavirusnoj infekcii, kolibakterioza i sal'monelleza krupnogo rogatogo skota «Baktovir-6» [Vaccine associated against infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, rota and coronavirus infections, colibacillosis and salmonellosis in cattle "Bactovir-6"] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://vetsnab.info/vetpreparaty/vakczina-assocziirovannaya-protiv-infekczionnogo-rinotraheita-virusnoj-diarei-rota-i-koronavirusnoj-infekczii-kolibakterioza-i-salmonelleza-krupnogo-rogatogo-skota-baktovir-6/ (date of the application 23 July 2024).Верховская А. Е., Сергеев В. А., Алипер Т. И., Иванов Е. В. Особенности диагностики и профилактики вирусной диареи крупного рогатого скота // Ветеринария. – 2009. – № 8. – С. 3-7.Verhovskaya A. E., Sergeev V. A., Aliper T. I., Ivanov E. V. (2009) Osobennosti diagnostiki i profilaktiki virusnoj diarei krupnogo rogatogo skota [Features of diagnosis and prevention of viral diarrhea in cattle]. Veterinariya, vol. 8, pp.3-7.Betancur C., González M., Reza L. Seroepidemiología de la Rinotraqueítis Infecciosa Bovina en el municipio de Montería, Colombia // Rev MVZ Cordoba. – 2006. – Vol. 11(Pt 2). – P. 830-836. https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.447Betancur C., González M., Reza L. Seroepidemiología de la Rinotraqueítis Infecciosa Bovina en el municipio de Montería, Colombia // Rev MVZ Cordoba. – 2006. – Vol. 11(Pt 2). – P. 830-836. https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.447Yatsentyuk S. P., Borunova S. M., Gnezdilova L. A., Pigina S. Yu, Pozyabin S. V., Abramov P. N. Viral contamination of bull semen used for artificial insemination // AIP Conf. Proc. – Moscow, 2023. – 2817, 020021. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0148879Yatsentyuk S. P., Borunova S. M., Gnezdilova L. A., Pigina S. Yu, Pozyabin S. V., Abramov P. N. Viral contamination of bull semen used for artificial insemination // AIP Conf. Proc. – Moscow, 2023. – 2817, 020021. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0148879Ampe B., Duchateau L., Speybroeck N., Berkvens D., Dupont A., Kerkhofs P., Thiry E., Dispas M. Assessment of the long-term effect of vaccination on transmission of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cattle herds hyperimmunized with glycoprotein E-deleted marker vaccine // Am J Vet Res. – 2012. – Vol. 73(Pt 11). – P.1787-1793. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.11.1787.Ampe B., Duchateau L., Speybroeck N., Berkvens D., Dupont A., Kerkhofs P., Thiry E., Dispas M. Assessment of the long-term effect of vaccination on transmission of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cattle herds hyperimmunized with glycoprotein E-deleted marker vaccine // Am J Vet Res. – 2012. – Vol. 73(Pt 11). – P.1787-1793. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.11.1787.Нурманов Ч.А. Диагностика вируса инфекционного ринотрахеита и морфологические изменения в органах КРС : Дисс. … канд. биол. наук: 06.02.02, 06.02.01 / Ч.А. Нурманов. – Бишкек, 2023. – 123 с. https://jasulib.org.kg/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Dissertaciya-final.pdfNurmanov CH.A. (2023) Diagnostika virusa infekcionnogo rinotraheita i morfologicheskie izmeneniya v organah KRS [Diagnosis of infectious rhinotracheitis virus and morphological changes in cattle organs]. Diss. … kand. biol. nauk: 06.02.02, 06.02.01, Bishkek, 123 p. https://jasulib.org.kg/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Dissertaciya-final.pdfГлотов А.Г., Глотова Т.И., Котенева С.В. О контаминации импортируемой фетальной сыворотки крови крупного рогатого скота пестивирусами как факторе распространения вирусной диареи в условиях глобализации: мини-обзор // С.-х. биол. – 2018. – № 53 (2). – С. 248-257Glotov A.G., Glotova T.I., Koteneva S.V. (2018) O kontaminacii importiruemoj fetal'noj syvorotki krovi krupnogo rogatogo skota pestivirusami kak faktore rasprostraneniya virusnoj diarei v usloviyah globalizacii: mini-obzor [On the contamination of imported fetal blood serum of cattle with pestiviruses as a factor in the spread of viral diarrhea in the context of globalization: a mini-review]. S.-h. boil, vol. 53 (2), pp. 248-257.Лысенко А.П., Кучвальский М.В., Притыченко А.Н., Красникова Е.Л., Аникевич Н.Ю. Контаминация эмбриональных бычьих сывороток трансформированными микобактериями туберкулеза // Экология и животный мир. – 2022. – № 2. – С. 59-69. https://doi.org/10.47612/2224-1647-2022-2-59-69Lysenko A.P., Kuchval'skij M.V., Pritychenko A.N., Krasnikova E.L., Anikevich N.YU. (2022) Kontaminaciya embrional'nyh bych'ih syvorotok transformirovannymi mikobakteriyami tuberkuleza [Contamination of fetal bovine sera with transformed Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. Ekologiya i zhivotnyj mir, vol. 2, pp. 59-69. https://doi.org/10.47612/2224-1647-2022-2-59-69Мищенко В. А., Корпусова Т. И., Думова В. В. [и др.] Оптимизация условий культивирования вирусов КРС в перевиваемых культурах клеток // Ветеринария. – 2014. – № 2. – С. 60-63.Mishchenko V. A., Korpusova T. I., Dumova V. V. (2014) Optimizaciya uslovij kul'tivirovaniya virusov KRS v perevivaemyh kul'turah kletok [Optimization of conditions for cultivating bovine viruses in continuous cell cultures]. Veterinariya, vol. 2, pp. 60-63.Bosch JC., Kaashoek MJ., van Oirschot JT. Inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccines are more efficacious in reducing virus excretion after reactivation than a live marker vaccine// Vaccine. – 1997. – Vol. 15 (Pt 14). – P. 1512-1517. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x( 97)00092-3.Bosch JC., Kaashoek MJ., van Oirschot JT. Inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccines are more efficacious in reducing virus excretion after reactivation than a live marker vaccine// Vaccine. – 1997. – Vol. 15 (Pt 14). – P. 1512-1517. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00092-3.Park B.K., Bolin S.R. Molecular changes of bovine viral diarrhea virus polypeptides treated with binary ethylenimine, beta-propiolactone and formalin // Res. Rep. Rural Dev. Admin. (L&V). –1987. – Vol. 29. – P. 99–103.Park B.K., Bolin S.R. Molecular changes of bovine viral diarrhea virus polypeptides treated with binary ethylenimine, beta-propiolactone and formalin // Res. Rep. Rural Dev. Admin. (L&V). –1987. – Vol. 29. – P. 99–103.Всемирная организация здоровья животных, глава 3.4.12 Инфекционный ринотрахеит крупного рогатого скота / Инфекционный пустулезный вульвовагинит [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://rr-europe.woah.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/3-4-12.pdf (дата обращения 23 июля 2024 г).Vsemirnaya organizaciya zdorov'ya zhivotnyh, glava 3.4.12 Infekcionnyj rinotraheit krupnogo rogatogo skota / Infekcionnyj pustuleznyj vul'vovaginit [World Organization for Animal Health, Chapter 3.4.12 Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis / Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://rr-europe.woah.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/3-4-12.pdf (date of the application 23 July 2024).Прудников В.С., Гуков Ф.Д., Луппова И.М., Жуков А.И., Грушин В.Н. Изучение иммуноморфогенеза при болезнях и вакцинациях животных // Ветеринария. ‒ 2005. ‒ № 4. – С. 20-23.Prudnikov V.S., Gukov F.D., Luppova I.M., ZHukov A.I., Grushin V.N. (2005) Izuchenie immunomorfogeneza pri boleznyah i vakcinaciyah zhivotnyh [Study of immunomorphogenesis in animal diseases and vaccinations]. Veterinariya, vol. 4, pp. 20-23.Righi C., Franzoni G., Feliziani F., Jones C., Petrini S. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Infection and Vaccination // Vaccines (Basel). – 2023. – Vol. 11 (Pt 4). – P. 785. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040785.Righi C., Franzoni G., Feliziani F., Jones C., Petrini S. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Infection and Vaccination // Vaccines (Basel). – 2023. – Vol. 11 (Pt 4). – P. 785. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040785.Всемирная организация здоровья животных, глава 3.4.7 Вирусная диарея крупного рогатого скота [Электрон.ресурс]. – URL: https://rr-europe.woah.org/app/uploads/2021/08/3-4-7.pdf(дата обращения 23 июля 2024 г).Vsemirnaya organizaciya zdorov'ya zhivotnyh, glava 3.4.7 Virusnaya diareya krupnogo rogatogo skota [World Organization for Animal Health, Chapter 3.4.7 Bovine Viral Diarrhea] [Electronic resource]. – URL: https://rr-europe.woah.org/app/uploads/2021/08/3-4-7.pdf (date of the application 23 July 2024).Patel J.R., Shilleto R.W. Modification of active immunization with live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine by passive viral antibody // Vaccine. – 2005. – Vol. 23 (Pt 31). – P. 4023–4028. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.018.Patel J.R., Shilleto R.W. Modification of active immunization with live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine by passive viral antibody // Vaccine. – 2005. – Vol. 23 (Pt 31). – P. 4023–4028. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.018.Kornuta CA., Cheuquepán F., Bidart JE., Soria I., Gammella M., Quattrocchi V., Hecker YP., Moore DP., Romera SA., Marin MS., Zamorano PI., Langellotti CA. TLR activation, immune response and viral protection elicited in cattle by a commercial vaccine against Bovine Herpesvirus-1 // Virology. – 2022. – Vol. 566. – P. 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2021.11.014Kornuta CA., Cheuquepán F., Bidart JE., Soria I., Gammella M., Quattrocchi V., Hecker YP., Moore DP., Romera SA., Marin MS., Zamorano PI., Langellotti CA. TLR activation, immune response and viral protection elicited in cattle by a commercial vaccine against Bovine Herpesvirus-1 // Virology. – 2022. – Vol. 566. – P. 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2021.11.014Ruiz-Sáenz J., Jaime J., Vera V. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.